无抗发酵饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能、肠道菌群和养分表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究无抗发酵饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能、肠道菌群和养分表观消化率的影响。选择18 kg左右断奶仔猪60头,随机分为2个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂含抗生素基础饲粮(每千克含黄霉素5 mg),试验组饲喂80%基础饲粮和20%的无抗发酵饲料组成的试验饲粮。试验期154 d。结果表明:1)试验组的末重、平均日增重和平均日采食量都显著高于对照组(P0.05),而料重比则显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)试验组中期和后期的乳酸菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05),而试验组中期和后期的大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌数量的对数值显著低于对照组(P0.05)。3)在十二指肠肠段,试验组肠道食糜中的乳酸菌和大肠杆菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。4)在十二指肠肠段,试验组肠道每克和每平方厘米黏膜的乳酸菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验组肠道每克黏膜的大肠杆菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。在空肠肠段,试验组肠道每克和每平方厘米黏膜的乳酸菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。5)试验组的粗蛋白质和粗纤维的表观消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,无抗发酵饲料能提高生长育肥猪的生长性能,改善肠道微生物平衡,增强消化能力。     

遮荫对早熟禾产量因子的影响

测定了草地早熟禾5个不同品种在不同遮荫处理下的单株成穗数、单穗粒数、千粒质量及产量。结果表明:遮荫条件下品种润草1号和09-2早熟禾单株成穗数、单穗粒数、千粒质量及产量性状均表现较为优良,表明润草1号和09-2是较耐荫的品种。其中,"润草1号"在遮光率77%时单株产量与其他品系差异显著,在遮光91%仍有少量抽穗。     

Phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from wild birds in the Poyang Lake region of China

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes a highly contagious viral disease in poultry and wild birds, and it can cause significant economic loss worldwide. Eight viral strains were isolated by inoculating embryonated chicken eggs from the Poyang Lake region of China with swab samples. All eight of the NDV isolates were identified as class I genotype 3 strains, but they diverged notablely from class II viruses. Further analysis revealed that all eight NDV isolates were lentogenic strains containing the ¹¹²ERQER↓L¹¹⁷ motif at the F protein cleavage site. The strains were highly identical and were more species specific (chicken and waterfowl) than site specific (Nanchang and Duchang regions). The close phylogenetic proximity of these isolates indicates that viral transmission may happen between poultry and wild birds. Our study demonstrates that lentogenic class I NDVs exist in clinically healthy wild waterfowl and poultry within the Poyang Lake region. Active surveillance of these viruses to determine their evolution and origin is one of the most realistic strategies for preventing and controlling NDV outbreaks.     

黄土丘陵区白羊草与达乌里胡枝子混播草地土壤呼吸日变化特征

土壤呼吸是反映土壤质量和肥力性状的重要指标,阐明禾―豆混播草地土壤呼吸作用的变化规律及其影响因素,可以为准确评估混播草地的环境效应及响应提供依据。在2011和2012年6月份,采用动态密闭气室分析法,比较了白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)与达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)不同比例间作混播草地总土壤呼吸速率的日变化特征、混播植物贡献率以及温度敏感性等。结果表明,不同混播比例草地的总土壤呼吸速率日变化为单峰型曲线,峰值出现在12:00~14:00。总土壤呼吸速率日均值高低顺序为单播白羊草白羊草和达乌里胡枝子间作单播达乌里胡枝子。不同间作比例草地的总土壤呼吸速率与白昼气温相关显著(P0.05),而与5、10和15 cm土层白昼土壤温度关系不明显;单播条件下,白羊草草丛的土壤呼吸对温度的敏感性高于达乌里胡枝子;各草地土壤呼吸Q10值的变化范围为1.48~2.61,以单播白羊草最高,单播达乌里胡枝子和两者间作混播草地间无显著差异(P0.05)。     

Effect of Heat Shock Protein-90 (HSP-90) mRNA Expression in Intestinal Tissuse of Chickens Infected with E.necatrix

The 90 chickens were randomly divided into control group, E.necatrix one time infection group and E.necatrix two times infection group.We used duplex PCR method to test the expression changes of HSP-90 mRNA in intestinal tissue of chickens infected with E.necatrix and researched the effects of it comprehensively and systematically.The results were showed that after 0 to 14 days the expression of HSP-90 mRNA in intestinal tissues of 14-day-old chickens infected with E.necatrix presented a upward trend though it was lower than the control chickens.These chickens were infected with E.necatrix again at 28 days, HSP-90 mRNA expressions of duodenum, jejunum and ileum decreased and then increased.However, it always showed a downward trend in appendix.When 28 days chickens were infected with high-does E.necatrix once, HSP-90 mRNA expressions of duodenum, jejunum and appendix were in a declining curve.While it was increased originally and then decreased in ileum.This study indicated that HSP-90 mRNA expressions in intestinal tissue of chickens infected with E.necatrix were inhibited at first, and the expression quantity was closely related to the degrees of intestinal tissue damage.     

Effect of Nutrient Restriction and Compensation on Weight,Serum Indexes and Gene Expression of Chest Fat Adipokines in Mongolian Lamb

To study the effect of nutrient restriction and compensation on weight,serum indexes and gene expression of chest fat adipokine in Mongolian lamb,thirty male lambs were randomly divided into control group (20.26 kg± 3.63 kg) and feed restricted group (21.29 kg±3.00 kg).The experiment lasted for 120 days,including 60 days for feed restriction and 60 days for compensatory feed.At the end of each stage,five lambs from each group were slaughtered and chest fat was collected.Serum concentration of triglycerides,non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA),total cholesterol were measured.Quantitative Real-time PCR were used to determine Adiponectin,Visfatin,PPAR-γ and ACC genes expression.The results showed that:①The lamb body weight of restricted group kept maintain level and that of control group showed a increase tendency.During the compensatory period,the average daily gain (ADG) of restricted group was significantly higher than control group (P< 0.05).②During the restriction period,serum triglycerides concentration of lambs in restricted group was significantly decreased at day 30 and 60 (P< 0.05),and NEFA concentration was significantly increased at day 30 (P< 0.05).After 60 days of nutritional compensation,all serum parameters we tested were not significantly different between restrict group and control group (P >0.05).③During the restriction period,PPAR-γ and ACC gene expression in restricted group were significantly lower than that of control group (P< 0.05),while no significant differences were found during the compensation period (P>0.05).Adiponectin and Visfatin genes expression in chest fat was not significantly changed throughout the experiment (P >0.05).We could know that nutritional restriction reduced fatty acid synthesis and adipocyte differentiation ability,adipose tissue was mobilized energy metabolism,and total cholesterol was recoveried growth on the compensation.However,the ACC and PPAR-γ genes in restricted group were significantly decreased with the body weight increased rapidly during the compensatory stage.Adiponectin and Visfatin were not significantly different between restricted and compensatory stages.     

动物运输应激源与应激反应影响因子研究进展

动物的运输是畜牧业的重要生产环节,但运输活动带来的动物福利问题也越来越受到关注。开展动物运输应激源和应激反应影响因子的研究,对深入认识动物运输应激本质和提出解决方案乃至相关立法具有重要意义。论文对前人开展的动物运输应激源(拥挤、禁食禁水、气温、装卸、颠簸等)的分离研究和应激反应影响因子(运输距离和运输时间、年龄和经验、性情、恐惧信息素)的研究进行了回顾整理,并分析了争议的原因,为动物运输应激领域研究提供参考或指出新的研究方向。     

丽江云杉优良家系选择

以引自甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所的15个丽江云杉家系3年生苗为材料,于国有樟村坪林场造林,观测各家系的成活率、保存率、树高、当年新梢长、地径、南北平均冠幅和一级分枝数,并对家系间6个生长性状指标进行分析。结果表明:7年生时,15个丽江云杉家系间保存率和新稍长的差异均不显著,树高和冠幅的差异均达极显著,地径和一级分枝数的差异均达显著。综合选择出的3个优良家系7年生平均树高比其它12个家系的平均树高提高16.5%,当年新稍长提高10.9%,地径提高4.6%,冠幅提高10.9%,保存率提高3.4%。     

杉木根、枝和叶的C、N、P生态化学计量特征

以湖南会同杉木基地Ⅲ号集水区25年生杉木人工林为研究对象,测定1月份杉木根、枝和叶的C、N、P含量,研究其C、N、P生态化学计量特征。结果表明:杉木根、枝和叶中C含量平均值分别为561.04、515.93、513.56 g/kg,表现为根枝叶;N含量平均值分别为6.86、8.78、7.97 g/kg,表现为枝叶根;P含量平均值分别为1.45、0.71、1.54 g/kg,表现为叶根枝。根的C∶N、C∶P、N∶P的平均值分别为92.50、521.72、5.29;枝的C∶N、C∶P、N∶P的平均值分别为65.17、789.82、12.46;叶的C∶N、C∶P、N∶P的平均值分别为69.31、355.56、5.53。叶的C含量和枝的呈显著正相关;叶的N含量和枝的呈极显著正相关;叶的N含量和根的呈极显著正相关;P的含量在根、枝和叶之间均呈显著正相关。     

菠萝新品种在云南引种比较试验

对菠萝新品种作栽培试验,并就植株、长势、果实质量性状和数量性状进行分析。植株长势结果表明:气候和品种影响都明显。果实质量性状比较结果表明:感官评价外观品质除Perolera和冬蜜评价为中外,其他5个品种都为优;内在品质评价除Perolera为中外,其他都为优。果实数量性状比较结果表明:各指标不同品种间差异极显著。综合表现,Puket1和Puket2适合作为鲜食品种;Pattawia适合作为加工品种;冬蜜和本地卡因适合鲜食和加工两用。